Four Types of Fast from the Bible
Regular Fast (Water Only)
Example Scripture: Matthew 4:2
Explanation: This is the most common type of fast, where individuals abstain from all food but continue to drink water. Jesus undertook this type of fast for forty days and nights in the wilderness.
Partial Fast (Restrictive)
Example Scripture: Daniel 1:12
Explanation: In a partial fast, individuals restrict certain types of food rather than abstain from all food. For example, Daniel and his companions refrained from eating the king's rich food and wine and chose to eat only vegetables and drink water.
Absolute Fast (No Food or Water)
Example Scripture: Esther 4:16
Explanation: This type of fast involves complete abstinence from both food and water. Esther called for this fast for three days and nights before she approached the king to save her people.
Corporate Fast (Group Fast)
Example Scripture: Jonah 3:5-7
Explanation: A corporate fast is when a group of people, such as a community or nation, fast together for a common purpose. The people of Nineveh collectively fasted in response to Jonah's message of impending judgment, seeking repentance and forgiveness.
Teaching Development with Scriptures
Zechariah 8:18-23 (KJV)
Verses 18-19: "And the word of the Lord of hosts came unto me, saying, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace."
Explainer Points:
Transformation of Mourning to Joy: God promises to turn the previously sorrowful fasts into times of joy and celebration for the house of Judah.
Emphasis on Love and Peace: The underlying principle is to love the truth and peace, indicating a shift from ritual fasting to a heartfelt change.
Significance of Specific Months: Each specified month had historical significance and remembrance, now being transformed into occasions of gladness.
Verses 20-21: "Thus saith the Lord of hosts; It shall yet come to pass, that there shall come people, and the inhabitants of many cities: And the inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, Let us go speedily to pray before the Lord, and to seek the Lord of hosts: I will go also."
Explainer Points:
Unified Worship: People from various cities coming together to seek the Lord emphasizes unity in worship.
Encouragement to Seek God: There is an active encouragement to seek the Lord, showing the importance of communal prayer and worship.
Speedy Action: The urgency in seeking God highlights the earnest desire for spiritual renewal and connection.
Verses 22-23: "Yea, many people and strong nations shall come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem, and to pray before the Lord. Thus saith the Lord of hosts; In those days it shall come to pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you."
Explainer Points:
Inclusivity of Nations: Many people and strong nations seeking the Lord signifies the universal appeal and inclusivity of God's promise.
Testimony of God's Presence: The statement "God is with you" indicates a strong testimony and recognition of God's presence among His people.
Jewish Leadership: Jews being sought for their connection to God underscores the importance of spiritual leadership and guidance.
Bible Commentary on Zechariah 8:18-23
Matthew Henry's Commentary: Emphasizes the transition from fasting as an expression of sorrow to joyful feasts, focusing on God's promise of restoration and peace.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary: Highlights the historical context of the fasts and their transformation into joyful events, reflecting God's faithfulness to His people.
John Gill's Exposition: Discusses the significance of the specified fasts and their new meaning in light of God's covenant and the future blessings promised to Judah.
Pulpit Commentary: Analyzes the communal aspect of seeking God and the prophetic vision of nations recognizing God's presence among the Jews, symbolizing a future of universal worship.
Conclusion
The fasting principle given here for Judah in Zechariah 8:18-23 is one of transformation and renewal. Fasting, once associated with mourning and repentance, is now redefined as a time of joy and gladness, reflecting God's promise of restoration.
For Christians today, this teaches us that while fasting can be a powerful tool for spiritual growth and repentance, it should ultimately lead to a deeper connection with God, joy, and a commitment to truth and peace. The communal aspect of seeking God and the inclusivity of nations underscore the universal call to worship and the importance of unity in faith.
Through fasting, Christians can renew their dedication to God, experience His presence, and be a testimony to others of His grace and faithfulness.